Deep Marine Mineral Resources

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Автор: Yves Fouquet · Denis Lacroix

Название: Deep Marine Mineral Resources

Издательство: Springer

Год: 2014

Формат: pdf

Язык: Английский

Размер: 8Mb

Major industrial developments are based on the availability of energy and minerals: iron in the 19th century, aluminium and copper in the 20th century, silicon and

high-tech metals for the past twenty years. Today, growing tensions are emerging

between mineral availability and global requirements, especially in major industrial

countries, which continue to rise in number and force. China’s growth alone accounts for half of the rise in demand for base metals since 2000. Given the risks for Europe of supply shortages of strategic metals used in many high-tech industries, or even of certain common metals such as copper, it has become necessary to actively explore the potential of deep-sea mineral resources (DSMR), as a possible source in addition to known deposits on land.

Contents

1 Study Summary

2 Deep-sea Environment

3 Rare and Strategic Metals

4 Characteristics and Formation Process

5 Scientific Knowledge and Challenges Related to Hydrogen

6 International Law and Its Evolution

7 Training Organisations and Establishments in France and Europe

8 Access to Raw Materials

9 Conclusion