The Armies of Westphalia and Cleves-Berg 1806-1815

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The Armies of Westphalia and Cleves-Berg 1806-1815

By Mike Gilbert, George F. Nafziger

Publisher: Nafziger Collections 1993 83 Pages

ISBN: 1585450057

PDF 24 MB

Westphalia did not have the military tradition that existed in many of the other states involved in the Napoleonic wars. Westphalia was a state made up of, principally, three other states that were merged together so that Napoleon's brother, Jerome Bonaparte, might have a kingdom suitable to his rank and station. These states were Hanover, Brunswick, and Hesse-Cassel.

The Peace of Amiens, which was signed on 27 March 1902, temporarily ended the hostilities between England and France. It amounted to little more than an armistice, and in March 1803, the British were once again making preparations for war. In response to these preparations, Napoleon dispatched 20,000 men to Holland. The tensions continued to rise and on 18 May 1803 France and England were once again at war.

The only British territory or possession that was accessible to Napoleon was the Duchy of Hanover. In response to the resumption of hostilities, the 20,000 men under General Mortier in Holland immediately moved against Hanover. England was unable to assist the Hanoverian army and its commander. Count Wallmoden, was obliged to withdraw his troops behind the Elbe. The Conven­tion of Artlenburg, dated 5 July 1803, officially ended the existence of the Hanoverian army.