Peoplewatching : The Desmond Morris Guide to Body Language

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Автор:Morris Desmond

Название:Peoplewatching : The Desmond Morris Guide to Body Language

Издательство:Vintage

Год:2002

Формат:PDF

Размер:68.01 MB

Язык:Английский

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Peoplewatching is the culmination of a career of watching people — their behaviour and habits, their personalities and their quirks. Desmond Morris shows us how people, consciously and unconsciously, signal their attitudes, desires and innermost feelings with their bodies and actions, often more powerfully than with their words.

Just as a birdwatcher watches birds, so a peoplewatcher watches people. But he is a student of human behaviour, not a voyeur. To him, the way an elderly gentleman waves to a friend is quite as exciting as the way a young girl crosses her legs. He is a field observer of human actions, and his field is everywhere — at the bus-stop, the supermarket, the airport, the street corner, the dinner party and the football match. Wherever people behave, there the peoplewatcher has something to learn — something about his fellow men and, ultimately, about himself.

Contents:

Picture Credits.

Author's Note.

Acknowledgements.

Introduction.

Actions.

Inborn Actions . — Discovered Actions . — Absorbed Actions . — Trained Actions . — Mixed Actions .

Gestures.

Incidental Gestures . — Expressive Gestures . — Mimic Gestures . — Schematic Gestures . — Symbolic Gestures . — Technical Gestures . — Coded Gestures .

Gesture Variants.

Multi-Message Gestures.

Gesture Alternatives.

Hybrid Gestures.

Compound Gestures.

Relic Gestures.

Regional Signals.

Baton Signals.

Guide Signs.

Yes/No Signals.

Gaze Behaviour.

Salutation Displays.

Postural Echo.

Tie-Signs.

Body-Contact Tie-Signs.

Auto-Contact Behaviour.

Non-Verbal Leakage.

Contradictory Signals.

Shortfall Signals.

Overkill Signals.

Status Displays.

Territorial Behaviour.

Barrier Signals.

Protective Behaviour.

Submissive Behaviour.

Religious Displays.

Altruistic Behaviour.

Fighting Behaviour.

Triumph Displays.

Cut-Off.

Autonomic Signals.

Pupil Signals.

Intention Movements.

Displacement Activities.

Redirected Activities.

Re-motivating Actions.

Insult Signals.

Threat Signals.

Obscene Signals.

Taboo Zones.

Overexposed Signals.

Clothing Signals.

Body Adornment.

Gender Signals.

Body Self-Mimicry.

Sexual Signals.

Parental Signals.

Infantile Signals.

Animal Contacts.

Play Patterns.

Meta-Signals.

Supernormal Stimuli.

Aesthetic Behaviour.

Laterality.

Locomotion.

Aquatic Behaviour.

Feeding Behaviour.

Sporting Behaviour.

Resting Behaviour.

Age.

The Future.

Bibliography.

Index.