Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers: a manual for putting theory into practice

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Автор: Nolberto Munier; Fernando Jiménez-Sáez; Marta Fernández-Diego

Название: Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers: a manual for putting theory into practice

Язык: English

Издательство: Dordrecht; New York: Springer

Год: 2013

Формат: pdf

Размер: 15,1 mb

Страниц: 508

As a companion to books on project-management theory, this book illustrates, in a down-to-earth, comprehensive style, how to put that theory into practice. In addition to the many examples that illustrate procedures, the book includes over 25 case studies, each one addressing a specific theme. Key topics, such as project selection, negotiations, planning and scheduling, cost and budgeting, project control, human resources, environmental impacts, risk management, and financial evaluation, are discussed, using a step-by-step approach. Beginning at the grassroots level, some cases are solved by hand to illustrate the mechanics of a procedure, while others are solved using advanced computer programs. In this way the reader has a clear idea of the problem, how and when to raise the issue, information needed (and who can provide it), how to solve it by hand, when possible, and also its resolution using the latest informatics tools.

1 Introduction and Road Map to Project Management............................ 1

1.1 Some Definitions........................................................ 2

1.1.1 Project.......................................................... 2

1.1.2 Project Management............................................... 2

1.1.3 Construction Project Management.................................. 2

1.1.4 Construction Management.......................................... 2

1.2 Book Organization....................................................... 2

1.3 Strategic Sequence for Project Management............................... 3

1.4 Sequence of Processes in the Project Life Cycle......................... 4

1.4.1 The Five Essential Functions in Project Management......... 6

1.4.2 General and Useful Points to Take into Account................ 6

1.5 Chapter Structure....................................................... 8

1.6 Tables for Performing Actioas in the Different Groups................. 8

1.6.1 First Group: Initiation.......................................... 8

1.6.2 Second Group: Planning.......................................... 31

1.6.3 Third Group: Execution and Overseeing........................... 33

1.6.4 Fourth Group: Monitoring and Control............................ 34

1.6.5 Fifth Group: Closing............................................ 35

1.7 Project Charter....................................................... 35

1.8 Project Management Plan............................................... 35

1.9 Organizational Process Assets.......................................... 36

1.10 Statement of Work (SOW)................................................ 36

1.11 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 36

References................................................................... 36

2 Project Innovation and Design................................................ 37

2.1 Definition............................................................. 37

2.2 Projects Origins....................................................... 38

2.3 Innovation and Project Management...................................... 39

2.4 CASE STUDY: Development of a Tool for Decision-Making.............. 39

2.4.1 Background Information.......................................... 39

2.4.2 Research........................................................ 40

2.4.3 Fundamentals.................................................... 41

2.4.4 The Next Market................................................. 41

2.5 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 42

References................................................................... 42

3 Leadership and Negotiation for Project Management........................... 43

3.1 Part One: Leadership................................................... 43

3.1.1 Project Manager Attributes...................................... 43

3.2 Part Two: Negotiation in Projects...................................... 45

3.2.1 Introduction.................................................... 45

3.2.2 The Negotiation Process......................................... 48

3.2.3 CASE STUDY: Identifying the Problem................................. 51

3.2.4 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 53

References...................................................................... 53

4 Project Strategic Planning........................................................ 55

4.1 Introduction............................................................... 55

4.2 Tools for Strategic Planning............................................... 56

4.3 Elements of Strategic Planning............................................. 56

4.4 CASE STUDY: Commercialization and Distribution of an Imported

Food Product into the USA Market.......................................... 57

4.4.1 Background Information.............................................. 57

4.4.2 SWOT Analysis....................................................... 57

4.4.3 Analysis of This Case............................................... 61

4.5 Conclusion................................................................. 61

4.6 Suggested Procedure for Strategic Planning................................. 61

4.6.1 State the Goal and Analyze Diverse Factors

and Potential Risks................................................. 61

4.6.2 Consider Other Strategies........................................... 62

4.6.3 Perform a Market Study and Analyze Potential Variations....... 62

4.6.4 Study Custom Laws and Taxes......................................... 63

4.6.5 Think About Facilities.............................................. 63

4.6.6 Operations.......................................................... 63

4.6.7 Monitoring and Control.............................................. 63

4.6.8 Final Comments...................................................... 63

4.7 Strategic Planning in Remedial Work........................................ 64

4.8 Conclusion of This Chapter................................................. 64

References...................................................................... 64

5 Project Impact on the Environment............................................ 65

5.1 The Environment Importance in Projects.................................. 65

5.2 Detection of Impacts Produced by a Project.............................. 66

5.3 Impact Identification................................................... 66

5.4 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Dam for a Hydro Electric Project........................................................ 69

5.5 Projects Designed to Protect the Environment............................ 70

5.6 CASE STUDY: The Hidden Contamination in Manufacturing................... 71

5.6.1 Background Information........................................... 71

5.6.2 Life Cycle Computation........................................... 71

5.6.3 Analysis......................................................... 71

5.7 Closing a Project....................................................... 72

5.8 Conclusion of This Chapter.............................................. 72

References................................................................... 73

6 Project Risk Management...................................................... 75

6.1 The Importance of Coasidering Risk in Projects.......................... 75

6.2 The Purpose of This Chapter............................................. 75

6.3 Definition of Project Risk.............................................. 76

6.3.1 Risk Classification.............................................. 76

6.4 Risk Components......................................................... 77

6.4.1 Different Threats in Projects or Risk Factors.................... 77

6.4.2 Assets Under Threat.............................................. 77

6.4.3 Probability of Occurrence........................................ 77

6.4.4 Outcomes and Impacts............................................. 79

6.4.5 Measuring the Risk............................................... 80

6.4.6 Safeguards....................................................... 81

6.5 Project Risk Management.................................................. 82

6.5.1 Risk Assessment.................................................. 83

6.5.2 Risk Identification.............................................. 83

6.5.3 Risk Analysis.................................................... 84

6.5.4 Risk Evaluation.................................................. 84

6.5.5 Risk Treatment................................................... 84

6.5.6 Risk Monitoring and Controlling.................................. 85

6.6 International Risk Standard.............................................. 85

6.7 CASE STUDY: Software Development Project................................. 85

6.8 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................... 88

References.............................................................. 89

7 Project Economic and Financial Evaluation................................. 91

7.1 The Investment Cycle..................................................... 91

7.1.1 Financing the Project Through Bank Loaas......................... 92

7.1.2 Applications of Funds............................................ 92

7.1.3 Preparation of the Investment Schedule During

the Construction Period.......................................... 92

7.1.4 Depreciation and Taxes........................................... 93

7.1.5 Reinvestment..................................................... 94

7.1.6 Operating Costs.................................................. 94

7.1.7 Working Capital (WC)............................................. 94

7.1.8 Difference Between Fixed Assets and Working Capital............... %

7.1.9 Project Manager Involvement....................................... %

7.2 The Investment Cycle in Statements........................................ %

7.2.1 The Balance Sheet................................................ 97

7.2.2 Cash Flow Statement.............................................. 97

7.2.3 Income Statement................................................. 97

7.2.4 Project Analysis................................................. 97

7.3 Sensitivity Analysis..................................................... 98

7.4 Sequence to Prepare an Economic and Financial Analysis for a Project............................................................ 98

7.5 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Copper Concentration Plant.......... 98

7.5.1 Background Information.......................................... 99

7.5.2 Investment During Construction.................................. 99

7.5.3 Taxes During the Construction Period............................ 99

7.5.4 Financing....................................................... 99

7.5.5 General Specifications......................................... 100

7.5.6 Operating Costs................................................ 101

7.5.7 Working Capital................................................ 101

7.5.8 Statement of Project Analysis.................................. 101

7.5.9 Sensitivity Financial Analysis................................. 102

7.5.10 Final Remarks on This Example................................. 103

7.6 Breakeven Point Diagram............................................... 103

7.7 Conclusion of This Chapter........................................ 104

References.................................................................. 104

8 Project Selection and Decision-Making.................................... 105

8.1 What Is the Decision-Making Activity in Project Management?........ 105

8.2 The Decision-Making Process in Projects........................... 107

8.2.1 Rio Colorado Basin Study, Argentina........................ 109

8.2.2 Scheduling Bridge Repairs, Canada.......................... 110

8.2.3 Selection of a Manageable Set of Urban or Regional Indicators to Measure the State of the Environment........................ 110

8.3 Different Methods........................................................110

8.4 The Simus Method for Decision-Making ... 110

8.5 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Gas Pipeline 111

8.5.1 Background Infonnation........................................... Ill

8.5.2 Establishing the Mathematical Model.............................. 112

8.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis............................................. 114

8.5.4 Projects with Several Objectives................................. 115

8.6 Vendor Selection.................... 116

8.7 Conclusion of This Chapter.......... 116

References................................................................ 116

9 Project Planning and Scheduling............................................. 119

9.1 Planning the Work Related with a Project. . 119

9.1.1 Requesting Information About Tasks and Activities................ 119

9.1.2 Planning for Manufacturing Projects.............................. 120

9.1.3 CASE STUDY: The Critical Path Method (CPM) - Planning a Water Supply System to Create a Water Park................. 120

9.2 Scheduling the Job.................. 123

9.2.1 Constructing the S-curve......................................... 123

9.2.2 Working in Parallel.............................................. 123

9.2.3 Shortening the Duration of a Project............................. 124

9.3 The Master Schedule................. 124

9.3.1 Merging Networks................................................. 124

9.3.2 Preparing the Master Schedule with All Subprojects Merged... 126

9.4 CASE STUDY: Developing the Basic Engineering for an Automobile Plant................................ 126

9.4.1 Project Background Information.................................. 128

9.4.2 Bidding for Consultancy Services to Develop the Mechanical

Basic Engineering............................................... 128

9.4.3 Teamic Organization for This Project............................ 128

9.4.4 Determining Scope of Work....................................... 128

9.4.5 Establishing the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)................. 131

9.4.6 Establishing Consultants’Responsibilities....................... 131

9.4.7 Integration and Linkages Between Intervening Project Consultants..................................................... 133

9.4.8 Relationship and Communication with Owner....................... 133

9.4.9 Acquiring Project Team - Determining Type and Qualification of Staff Needed................................................. 133

9.4.10 Team Rcspoasibility Matrix...................................... 134

9.4.11 Preparing Schedule of Meetings for the Project Team and Suppliers................................................... 134

9.4.12 Planning and Scheduling TEAMIC’s Own Work....................... 134

9.4.13 Preparing the Master Schedule Including Merging Programs from Different Contractors...................................... 135

9.4.14 The S-curvc..................................................... 140

9.4.15 Budget Preparation and Schedule of Funds Needed................. 140

9.5 Data Needed When Using Dedicated Computer Software for Planning, Scheduling and Budgeting........................ 140

9.6 Shortening the Duration of a Project..... 141

9.7 Updating the Progress of Work........................................... 141

9.8 Finishing the Project................................................... 142

9.9 Closing This Project.................................................... 142

9.10 Managing Uncertainty - The PERT Approach 144

9.10.1 The Workings of the Pert Method.................................. 144

9.10.2 CASE STUDY: Uncertainty in the High Valley

Remediation Project........................................... 144

9.11 Crashing the Schedule................................................. 146

9.11.1 CASE STUDY: Accelerating the Launching

of an Industrial Product...................................... 147

9.12 Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM).......................... 149

9.13 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 150

References.................................................................. 150

10 Project Materials Management............................................... 151

10.1 Determining Materials and Equipment Needs............................. 151

10.2 Delivery at Job Site.................................................. 152

10.3 Manufacturing Projects................................................ 152

10.4 Steps in the Procurement Process...................................... 153

10.4.1 E-procurement................................................. 153

10.5 Equipment Delivery Status Report...................................... 153

10.5.1 CASE STUDY: Controlling Equipment Delivery for a Mall Construction....................................... 153

10.5.2 Inspection.................................................... 157

10.5.3 Materials Deliveries for the Project.......................... 158

10.6 The Gozinto Diagram for Manufacturing................................. 158

10.7 CASE STUDY: Contractors Selection for Construction of a Copper Refinery.................................................. 158

10.7.1 Background Information - General Objective.................... 158

10.7.2 Selection Criteria............................................ 158

10.8 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 158

References.................................................................. 160

11 Project Communications and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)........... 161

11.1 Reporting Advance and Development of Project.......................... 161

11.1.1 The Weekly Progress Report.................................... 161

11.2 Meetings.............................................................. 164

11.3 Additional Communication Means........................................ 165

11.4 CASE STUDY: Diagnosis in an Enterprise and Proposal to Install an ERP System......................................................... 166

11.4.1 Background Information........................................ 166

11.4.2 Areas Involved in the Industrial Process................. 166

11.4.3 Structural Organization....................................... 166

11.4.4 Industrial Processes.......................................... 166

11.4.5 Necessary Inputs.............................................. 167

11.5 Procedure to Install and ERP System................................... 167

11.5.1 Road Map for a Purchase Order from a Client.............. 168

11.5.2 Symptoms and Problems Detected During the Examination of the Existent System........................................ 168

11.5.3 Analysis of the Situation..................................... 170

11.5.4 Diagnosis of the Situation.................................... 170

11.5.5 Selecting the ERP Program to Implement........................ 171

11.6 Conclusions of This Case and Recommendations.......................... 171

11.7 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 171

References.................................................................. 172

12 Project Cost and Budgeting................................................... 173

12.1 Some Definitions...................................................... 173

12.1.1 The Three Aspects of Cost Management..................... 173

12.1.2 Benefits...................................................... 177

12.1.3 Sensitivity Analysis for Costs................................ 178

12.1.4 Work Breakdown Structure and Dictionary..................... 178

12.1.5 Quantities Takeoff.......................................... 178

12.1.6 Aspects to Take into Account When Developing a Cost Estimate............................................. 178

12.1.7 Methods for Cost Estimating................................. 179

12.2 CASE STUDY: Estimating Costs for a Retaining Wall................... 181

12.2.1 Examination of Cost Estimates............................... 181

12.3 Budgeting........................................................... 182

12.4 CASE STUDY: Budget Determination for Construction of a Dwellings Complex.............................................. 182

12.4.1 The Two Extreme Budget Curves............................... 182

12.5 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 185

References.................................................................. 185

13 Human Resources Planning in Projects....................................... 187

13.1 Introduction......................................................... 187

13.2 Working with People................................................. 187

13.2.1 The Worker as an Individual Human Being..................... 187

13.2.2 Worker Integration in a Team................................ 188

13.2.3 Job Location................................................ 188

13.2.4 Summary..................................................... 189

13.3 Diagnosing Existing Problems........................................ 190

13.4 CASE STUDY: Analyzing Existent Personnel Problems in an Organization......................................... 190

13.4.1 Background Information...................................... 190

13.4.2 Process Sectors............................................. 190

13.4.3 Comments on This Case....................................... 193

13.5 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 193

References.................................................................. 193

14 Project Safety Management................................................ 195

14.1 Safety in Projects................................................... 195

14.2 Accidents Prevention................................................ 195

14.3 Hazards Identification............................................... 1%

14.4 Evaluate Safety Risks................................................ 1%

14.5 Safety Control....................................................... 1%

14.6 Reporting Accidents................................................. 200

14.7 Conclusion for This Chapter......................................... 200

References.................................................................. 200

15 Project Quality Management................................................ 201

15.1 What Is Quality?................................................. 201

15.2 Goal for Quality and Its Relationship with

Diverse Areas of the Project................................. 201

15.3 Quality Assurance................................................ 202

15.4 Something About the Norms........................................ 202

15.5 The ISO/DIS 21500 - Guidance on Project

Management....................................................... 203

15.6 Example of Quality Controls for a Construction/

Consulting Company............................................... 203

15.7 Quality in Manufacturing......................................... 204

15.8 The Kano Model................................................... 204

15.9 The Quality Factor Deployment Model (QFD) 205

15.10 CASE STUDY: Launching a New Portable Music Player................ 205

15.11 Cost of Qual ity (COQ)........................................... 207

15.12 Total Quality Management (TQM)................................... 207

15.13 Conclusion of This Chapter....................................... 207

References.......................................................... 208

16 Project Monitoring and Project Control..................................... 209

16.1 Monitoring the Work - Time, Costs and Performance................. 209

16.1.1 Comparison of Curves.......................................... 210

16.1.2 CASE STUDY: Planning, Scheduling and Control

for an Underpass Construction Project..................... 211

16.1.3 CASE STUDY: Contractor’s Cost Report in an Underground Stormwater Storage Project.................................... 216

16.1.4 Computer Updating............................................. 217

16.2 Monitoring Installations.............................................. 218

16.2.1 Change Orders and Claims...................................... 218

16.3 Controlling Time and Costs - Finding Possible Causes for Deviations and Proposing Solutions................................ 221

16.3.1 Graphical Information of Work Done............................ 222

16.3.2 Learning Curve................................................ 222

16.4 Controlling Manpower (MP) and Man-Hours (MH).......................... 225

16.4.1 Initial Conditions............................................ 225

16.4.2 CASE STUDY: Man-Power Control in the Construction of a Chemical Plant........................................... 225

16.4.3 Man-Power and Man-Hours....................................... 227

16.5 Combined Labor Progress and Man-Hours Performance Report in an Ore Treatment Plant Project................................. 229

16.6 Cost Estimate at Completion........................................... 230

16.6.1 CASE STUDY: Estimate at Completion Report in a Textile Mill Expansion Project....................... 232

16.7 Controlling Work Certificates......................................... 232

16.8 Controlling Aggregates and Other Inputs............................... 233

16.8.1 CASE STUDY: Construction of an Urban Park..................... 233

16.9 Controlling Compliance of Strategic Planning.......................... 234

16.10 Controlling Equipment Status.......................................... 234

16.11 Controlling Drawings Production....................................... 234

16.12 Controlling the Issue of Technical Reports............................ 235

16.13 Factors Affecting Production.......................................... 236

16.13.1 CASE STUDY: Determining Factors Affecting Production in Hand Tools Manufacturing.................................. 236

16.14 Forecasting Techniques................................................ 237

16.14.1 CASE STUDY: Forecasting Average Daily Advance and Prediction for a Mountain Road Project............... 237

16.14.2 Prediction................................................... 239

16.15 Production of As-Built Drawings........................................ 240

16.16 Controlling Quality.................................................... 240

16.17 Controlling Environmental Protection................................... 240

16.18 Controlling Risk....................................................... 241

16.19 Controlling Compliance of Safety Regulations........................... 241

16.20 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 241

References.................................................................... 241

17 Project Closing................................................................. 243

17.1 The Importance of Proper Closing of a Project..................... 243

17.2 Closing the Project with Suppliers................................ 245

17.3 Closing the Projects with Hired Personnel.............................. 245

17.4 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 245

Reference..................................................................... 245

Index 247