The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth

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Автор: Andrew Y. Glikson (Author)

Название: The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth

Язык: английский

Издательство: Cham: Springer Verlag

Год: 2014

Формат: pdf

Размер: 14,2 mb

Страниц: 238

The book is global in scope and discusses the data on early Earth from sites in southwest Greenland, Canada, Australia, India, South Africa, and more. ... The volume is well supported by numerous tables, color photographs, color and black-and white illustrations, appendixes, an extensive 30-page list of references, and a 13-page subject/geographic index. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners. The author provides an extensive overview of the geochronological data pertaining to the Archean, and integrates this with geochemical and isotopic information. ... The author has done a commendable job of compiling a mountain of geochronological and isotopic data, much of which is helpfully collated into an Appendix. ... The book will be useful for research-oriented workers dealing with Archean rocks.

1 The Moon and the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB).................... I

2 Hadcan and Early Archaean High tirade Metamorphic Terrains............................................. 9

2.1 Mount Narrycr >4.0 Ga Detrital Zircons..................... 11

2.2 Acasta Gneiss and Hadcan Zircons............................. 14

2.3 Northeastern Superior Province Gneisses...................... 16

2.4 Wyoming Gneisses............................................. 17

2.5 Itsaq Gneisses and Supracrustals. Southwest Greenland...... 18

2.6 Siberian Gneisses............................................ 22

2.7 North China Craton........................................... 22

2.8 Antarctic Gneisses........................................... 23

3 Early Archaean Mafic-Ultramafic Crustal Relics.................... 25

4 The Tonalite-Trondhjemitc-Granodiorite (TTG) Suite and Archaean Island Continents............................. 35

4.1 Archaean Batholiths.......................................... 36

4.2 Vertical Crustal Zonation.................................... 40

5 Isotopic Temporal Trends of Early Crustal Evolution.............. 43

5.1 U-Th-Pb Isotopes............................................. 43

5.2 Rb-Sr Isotopes............................................... 45

5.3 The Lu-Hf System............................................ 46

5.4 The Sm-Nd System............................................. 48

5.5 The Re-Os System............................................. 51

6 Geochemical Trends of Archaean Magmatism......................... 53

6.1 Mafic and Ultramafic Volcanics............................... 54

6.2 Felsic Igneous Rocks......................................... 60

7 Pre-3.2 Ga Evolution and Asteroid Impacts of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa.................. 73

7.1 The Barberton Greenstone Belt, Eastern Kaapvaal Craton.... 73

7.1.1 Onverwacht Group.................................... 81

7.2 Evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton............................ 86

7.3 Pre-3.2 Ga Asteroid Impact Units of the Kaapvaal Craton... 88

8 Evolution and Pre-3.2 Ga Asteroid Impact Clusters: Pilbara Craton, Western Australia................................. 97

8.1 Crustal Evolution........................................... 97

8.2 ~Pre-3.2 Ga Impact Fallout Units in the Pilbara Craton..... 110

8.3 ~3.24-3.227 Ga Impact-Correlated Units.................... 114

9 Post-3.2 Ga Granite-Greenstone Systems............................. 119

9.1 Evolution of the Yilgarn Craton........................... 119

9.2 Evolution of South Indian Granite-Greenstone Terrains..... 126

9.3 Accretion of Superior Province Terrains................... 129

9.4 Archaean Fennoscandian/Baltic Terrains...................... 130

10 Post-3.2 Ga Basins and Asteroid Impact Units.................... 131

10.1 Late Archaean Griqualand West Basin........................ 131

10.2 Late Archaean Fortescue and Hamersley Basins Impact Units.... 135

10.2.1 ~2.63 Ga Jeerinah Impact Layer and the Roy Hill and Carawine Dolomite Impact/Tsunami Megabreccia.......................... 135

10.2.2 ~2.57 Ga Paraburdoo Impact Spherule Unit (PSL).... 144

10.2.3 ~2.56 Ga Spherule Marker Bed (SMB).................. 144

10.2.4 ~2.48 Ga Impact, Dales Gorge (DGS4)................ 151

10.2.5 Estimates of Asteroid Size and Compositions........ 154

10.3 Impact Fallout Units and Banded Iron Formations........... 156

10.4 Inter-continental Correlation of Impact Units............... 157

11 The Early Atmosphere and Archaean Life.......................... 159

11.1 Archaean Carbon-Oxygen-Sulphur Cycles and the Early Atmosphere.................................. 160

11.2 Archaean Life............................................... 170

12 Uniformitarian Theories and Catastrophic Events Through Time............................................. 177

Appendices............................................................. 185

About the Author....................................................... 193

References............................................................. 195

Index 225