Jan Matejko

Купить бумажную книгу и читать

Авторы: Dave Kurtz

Издательство: South-Western College Pub

Год: 2009

Кол-во страниц: 113

Формат: jpg\rar

Размер: 13 Мб

Язык: english

Собрание 113 репродукций известного польского мастера исторической живописи Яна Матейко. Он создавал полотна, в которых прославлялось польское историческое прошлое, героическое, величественное. Писал портреты королей, великих князей, битвы, польских шляхтичей и крылатых гусар. Живопись Матейко – гимн старой Польше и ее героическому минувшему.

Jan Matejko (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24, 1838, Free City of Kraków; - November 1, 1893, Kraków) was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events. His most famous works include oil on canvas paintings like Battle of Grunwald, paintings of numerous other battles and court scenes, and a gallery of Polish kings. He is counted among the most famous Polish painters.

Matejko was born in the Free City of Kraków, part of the Polish territory annexed by Austria during the Partitions of Poland. His father, Franciszek Ksawery Matejko was a Czech from the village of Rudnice. He was a tutor and music teacher who first worked for the Wodzicki family in Kościelniki, then moved to Kraków, where he married the half-German, half-Polish Joanna Karolina Rossberg. Jan was the ninth child from eleven that his parents had. After the death of his mother in 1846, Matejko and his siblings were taken care of by his aunt, Anna Zamojska.

From his earliest days Matejko showed exceptional artistic talent that allowed him to advance from grade to grade, although he had great difficulty with other subjects. He never mastered a foreign language and did not do well even with his native Polish language. As a result, the public appearances he was obliged to make all his life must have been difficult for him. At a young age he witnessed the Kraków revolution of 1846 and the 1848 siege of Kraków by the Austrians, the two events which ended the existence of the Free City of Kraków. His two older brothers served in them under General Józef Bem and one died. He attended St.Ann\'s High School, which he dropped out of in 1851 because of poor results. Despite that and because of his exceptional talent he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Kraków from 1852 to 1858 under Wojciech Korneli Stattler and Władysław Łuszczkiewicz. During this time, he begun exhibiting historical paintings at the Society of Friends of the Fine Arts there (see e.g. Sigismund I Bestowing Nobility on the Professors of the University of Kraków in 1535.). After studying under the historical painter Hermann Anschütz in Munich (1859) (where he got a bronze medal for a study of a male nude) and then briefly and less successfully in Vienna, Matejko returned to Kraków, where he lived for the rest of his life and where, beginning in 1873, he was for many years the principal of the Academy of Fine Arts.

During the January Uprising of 1863 in which he did not participate because of poor health, Matejko gave financial support and transported arms to the insurgents\' camp in Goszcza). In 1864 he married Teodora Giebultowska, with whom he had four children: Beata, Helena, Tadeusz, and Jerzy. In the same year he became a member of Scientific Society in Kraków. At that time Matejko started to gain international recognition; literally a starving artist during his younger days, in 1865, his painting Skarga\'s Sermon won the gold medal at the annual Paris salon. It was subsequently purchased by Count Maurycy Potocki for 10,000 guldens. In 1867, the painting Rejtan won the gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris. French critics included Matejko among the most outstanding representatives of historical painting in Europe. Through his painting, he succeeded in reminding Europe that partitioned Poland still existed despite political realities.

Matejko died in Kraków and was buried in the center of the Alley of the Meritorious at Kraków\'s Rakowicki